Did you know plants produce enough oxygen every second for three humans? This amazing process, photosynthesis, is covered in Science Class 10 Life Processes Chapter 5. This chapter dives into how all living things—plants, animals, and humans—stay alive through key functions like eating, breathing, and getting rid of waste. The CBSE curriculum now calls this Chapter 5, but some resources might say it’s Chapter 6.
Whether you’re learning about plants making food or how our kidneys filter waste, these processes are vital. They help us understand the basics of biology.
Class 10 science chapter 6, now Chapter 5, talks about how life processes keep us alive. It covers digestion in the small intestine and how we breathe. It also explains how photosynthesis makes glucose and how excretion systems remove waste. This chapter follows the ncert class 10 science guidelines, helping you prepare for exams and real-world science.
Key Takeaways: Science Class 10 Life Processes
- Autotrophs use sunlight to create food, while heterotrophs depend on others for nutrition.
- Photosynthesis in chloroplasts produces oxygen, and respiration in mitochondria releases energy.
- Human nephrons filter blood, while plant stomata release excess water vapor.
- Double circulatory systems in humans ensure efficient oxygen distribution to cells.
- Stomata in leaves enable gas exchange, linking photosynthesis and respiration.
Understanding Life Processes in Living Organisms
Life processes are the basic actions that keep living things alive. These vital life processes help organisms get energy, adapt to changes, and make more of themselves. These functions happen all the time, whether an organism is moving or resting, to help it survive.
Definition and Characteristics of Life Processes
Life processes are essential biochemical actions needed for survival. They include nutrition, respiration, excretion, and more. Let’s see how they work:
| Process | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Nutrition | Getting energy from food | Plants use photosynthesis; animals eat food |
| Respiration | Creating energy with oxygen | Humans inhale oxygen for ATP synthesis |
| Excretion | Removing waste (e.g., CO₂, urea) | Kidneys filter waste in humans |
| Response to stimuli | Reacting to the environment (e.g., plants bending toward light) | Touching a Venus flytrap causes it to close |
Single-celled organisms like amoebas do all processes of life in organisms in one cell. In more complex life forms, different systems (like digestive and circulatory) handle these tasks. Without these, organisms can’t keep their internal balance, which is key for survival. The importance of life processes is clear in their role in growth, repair, and adapting to changes. For instance, respiration turns food into energy, and excretion keeps toxins away. These systems are the backbone of biology in Class 10 science.
The Seven Fundamental Life Processes
All living things need seven key life processes to survive. These processes help them grow, adapt, and make more life. For CBSE Class 10 Biology students, learning these is key to understanding life.
- Nutrition: Getting and breaking down food for energy
- Respiration: Releasing energy from food through cells
- Transportation: Moving nutrients and waste around the body
- Excretion: Getting rid of waste to stay healthy
- Control & Coordination: Managing body functions
- Growth: Getting bigger and more complex over time
- Reproduction: Making offspring to keep the species alive
| Process | Description | Plant Example | Animal Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrition | Getting energy | Photosynthesis | Digestive system |
| Respiration | Releasing energy | Stomatal gas exchange | Lung respiration |
| Transportation | Moving substances | Xylem/phloem | Blood circulation |
Why Life Processes Are Essential for Survival
Each process is linked to keep things balanced. Without respiration, cells can’t make energy. Problems with excretion can lead to toxins. For CBSE Class 10 Biology exams, knowing these links helps solve questions.
Understanding these processes helps students see how life works. They can analyze how living things fit into the world and affect human health.
Science Class 10 Life Processes: NCERT Curriculum Overview
The NCERT Class 10 Science curriculum for Science Class 10 Life Processes focuses on Class 10 Science Chapter 6. It’s now Chapter 5 in newer editions. This section covers essential life processes for survival, designed for the CBSE exam.
The chapter highlights four main processes:
- Nutrition: How organisms get and use food.
- Respiration: Using oxygen for energy.
- Transportation: How the body moves materials around.
- Excretion: Getting rid of waste.
| Process | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Nutrition | Acquisition and utilization of food | Human digestive system |
| Respiration | Gas exchange and ATP production | Human lungs and mitochondria |
| Transportation | Material movement via blood and vessels | Heart’s double circulation |
| Excretion | Waste removal via kidneys and nephrons | Urine production and urinary system |
NCERT solutions from BYJU’S offer detailed explanations for each topic. They help with exam prep. Diagrams like alveoli and nephron functions are used for visual learning.
Practical activities include starch testing and making kidney models. These activities help solidify the concepts.
Nutrition: The Process of Obtaining Food
In science class 10 life processes, nutrition is about how living things get what they need to survive. Plants and animals both have ways to get food. Plants make their own food, which is key for life in our world.
Autotrophic Nutrition: How Plants Make Their Food
Plants make glucose from sunlight. This is a basic process of life in organisms. Here’s how it happens:
- Plants take in carbon dioxide and water
- Chlorophyll in leaves catches light energy
- It turns CO₂ and H₂O into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen
There are two main types:
- Photoautotrophs: Green plants use light energy (e.g., corn, trees)
- Chemoautotrophs: Bacteria like nitrifying bacteria use chemical reactions (e.g., ammonia oxidation)
This process is important for food chains and making oxygen. It’s why science class 10 life processes focus on plants. We’ll see how animals get food next.
Heterotrophic Nutrition: Different Feeding Methods
Life processes like nutrition are vital for organisms to survive. Heterotrophic nutrition is when organisms get food from others. This is a big part of cbse class 10 biology and shows how different species adapt.
- Holozoic Nutrition: This is when animals eat solid food and digest it. Humans, dogs, and some single-celled amoebas do this by engulfing food with pseudopodia.
- Saprophytic Nutrition: Organisms like fungi and bacteria break down dead things. They recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem.
- Parasitic Nutrition: Parasites like tapeworms and ticks take nutrients from their hosts. This can harm the host.
Comparative Analysis of Nutrition in Various Organisms
Looking at how different organisms eat shows their survival strategies. For example, cows have special stomachs for plants, while lions have short digestive tracts for meat. Pigs eat both plants and animals. Plants like Cuscuta (dodder) get nutrients by attaching to hosts.
These examples show the wide range of life processes in plants and animals. Saprophytic fungi help break down dead material, while animals have complex digestive systems. Learning about these in cbse class 10 biology helps students understand how life survives in ecosystems.
Human Digestive System: A Comprehensive Guide
Learning about the human digestive system is vital in science class 10 life processes. It turns food into nutrients, giving us energy and helping us grow. For ncert class 10 science students, this topic is key. It fits well with CBSE guidelines, making it a core part of cbse class 10 biology studies.
- Ingestion: Food goes into the mouth, where teeth and saliva make it into a bolus.
- Digestion: Enzymes like amylase (mouth) and pepsin (stomach) break down food molecules.
- Absorption: Nutrients move through villi in the small intestine into the bloodstream.
- Assimilation: Nutrients enter cells for energy or growth.
- Egestion: Undigested waste exits via the anus.
| Organ | Function | Key Features |
|---|---|---|
| Mouth | Starts mechanical digestion with teeth and saliva | Contains salivary amylase |
| Stomach | Mixes food with gastric juices | Produces hydrochloric acid and pepsin |
| Small Intestine | Completes digestion and absorbs nutrients | 9 meters long with villi for absorption |
| Pancreas | Secretes digestive enzymes | Aids in breaking down carbs, proteins, and fats |
The digestive system works best when all organs work together. The liver makes bile, stored in the gallbladder, to break down fats. For ncert class 10 science exams, understanding this system is key. It shows how nutrients keep us alive. Practicing diagrams and flowcharts helps students master this topic, as required by CBSE class 10 biology practicals.
Photosynthesis: How Plants Manufacture Food
Photosynthesis is a vital life process that lets plants make food from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. This science class 10 life processes chapter shows how plants turn light into energy. They make the food that supports life in plants and animals.
The Process of Photosynthesis Explained
Chlorophyll in plant cells grabs sunlight, starting two main steps:
- Light-dependent reactions: Chloroplasts split water into oxygen and hydrogen. Sunlight energy makes ATP and NADPH.
- Calvin Cycle: Carbon dioxide mixes with ATP and NADPH to form glucose. This completes the chemical equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.
Things like light, CO₂ levels, and temperature affect photosynthesis. The best conditions are:
- Light: More light means more photosynthesis until it stops growing.
- CO₂: 300–400 PPM is best for making glucose.
- Water: Stomata control gas exchange, keeping CO₂ in and oxygen out.
Progress like the Green Revolution used photosynthesis to increase crops. Today, scientists work to make photosynthesis more efficient. This science class 10 life processes topic shows how plants keep life going on Earth.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis: Science Class 10 Life Processes
Photosynthesis is a key process of life in organisms. It relies on many environmental and internal factors. These factors affect how well plants turn sunlight into energy. This, in turn, impacts the importance of life processes in ecosystems.
Understanding these factors helps us see why plants grow differently. It shows how they produce food.
- Light Intensity: Plants work best at 30,000–100,000 lux. Too much light can harm chlorophyll.
- CO₂ Levels: Plants need more CO₂ than the air provides. Greenhouses increase CO₂ to 0.1% for better growth.
- Temperature: C3 plants do well at 20–26°C. C4 plants prefer 35–40°C. Too hot or cold slows them down.
- Water Availability: Less water means fewer stomata. This cuts CO₂ intake and photosynthesis by up to 40%.
- Minerals: Magnesium (Mg) and nitrogen (N) are key for chlorophyll and enzymes.
| Factor | Effect | Optimal Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Light Wavelength | Blue/red light maximizes energy capture | Blue (450 nm), 660 nm for red) |
| Oxygen Levels | High O₂ slows C3 plants via photorespiration | Below 0.2% for optimal C3 plant growth |
| Leaf Age | Young leaves have higher chlorophyll, boosting efficiency | Young to mature leaves |
Importance of Photosynthesis in the Ecosystem
Photosynthesis is vital for life processes in plants and animals. It makes oxygen and is the start of food chains. It gives Earth 70% of its oxygen, helping animals breathe.
It also helps with carbon sequestration. Problems with these factors can upset the balance of ecosystems. This is why studying them is important in agriculture and environmental science.
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Respiration: The Energy-Releasing Process
Respiration is a vital life processes that turns food into energy. In science class 10 life processes, students learn how organisms break down glucose. This process starts with glycolysis, where glucose splits into pyruvate in the cell’s cytoplasm, producing 2 ATP molecules without oxygen.
Aerobic respiration happens in mitochondria when oxygen is present. Pyruvate breaks down completely, releasing carbon dioxide, water, and up to 38 ATP. This energy production fuels most body functions. Without oxygen, anaerobic respiration takes over, yielding only 2 ATP and byproducts like ethanol (in yeast) or lactic acid (in muscles).
Blood circulation is key in respiration and transportation in organisms. Hemoglobin in red blood cells carries oxygen to tissues. The thin walls and capillary networks of alveoli maximize gas exchange. Double circulation in humans ensures pure blood reaches cells efficiently.
- Aerobic: Occurs in mitochondria, produces 38 ATP, needs oxygen.
- Anaerobic: Occurs in cytoplasm, yields 2 ATP, produces waste byproducts.
- Blood transports oxygen and nutrients, supporting respiration’s efficiency.
Understanding respiration connects to broader vital life processes. It shows how organisms manage energy and waste. This knowledge links cellular functions with systems like the circulatory and respiratory, showing nature’s design.
Types of Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes
Respiration is key for all living things. It’s how organisms use oxygen or not. This is important for science class 10 life processes. It links energy to how cells work.
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to break down glucose fully. This process makes the most energy. Here’s how it happens:
- Glycolysis: Splits glucose into pyruvate in the cell’s cytoplasm.
- Krebs Cycle: Pyruvate becomes acetyl-CoA, releasing CO₂ in mitochondria.
- Electron Transport Chain: Creates most ATP in mitochondria’s inner membrane.
For example, human cells use oxygen from blood for this. It makes 36–38 ATP molecules and CO₂/water. These are then removed through breathing or plant stomata.
Anaerobic respiration happens without oxygen. It makes less energy. It forms lactic acid in muscles or ethanol in yeast, alongside 2 ATP. This happens in yeast or during intense exercise when oxygen is low.
| Aspect | Aerobic Respiration | Anaerobic Respiration |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Source | Glucose + oxygen | Glucose alone |
| ATP Produced | 36–38 molecules | 2 molecules |
| Main Products | CO₂, water | Lactic acid/ethanol + CO₂ |
| Location | Cytoplasm and mitochondria | Cytoplasm only |
| Examples | Humans, plants | Yeast, muscle cells |
Oxygen transport is key for aerobic respiration in most multicellular life. Without oxygen, anaerobic respiration kicks in. But it produces less energy.
Anaerobic Respiration: When Oxygen Is Limited
Life in plants and animals depends on respiration for energy. When oxygen is hard to find, some life forms use anaerobic respiration. This method breaks down glucose without oxygen, giving less energy but helping them survive in low-oxygen places.
Here’s how it works:
- Glucose is split into pyruvate during glycolysis in the cytoplasm.
- In yeast, pyruvate turns into ethanol and carbon dioxide: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ + 2 ATP.
- In human muscles, pyruvate forms lactic acid during hard exercise, causing temporary muscle tiredness.
Respiratory Organs in Different Organisms
Respiration and transportation in organisms change based on their homes. Here’s how respiratory systems differ:
- Humans and birds: Lungs for oxygen exchange.
- Fish: Gills to get dissolved oxygen from water.
- Insects: Tracheal tubes for direct oxygen delivery to cells.
- Amphibians: Skin and lungs for gas exchange.
- Plants: Stomata for gas exchange, aiding photosynthesis and respiration.
Cbse class 10 biology students need to know how these adaptations help survival. Anaerobic respiration’s products, like ethanol or lactic acid, show nature’s variety in keeping life going despite challenges.
Transportation in Living Organisms: Moving Materials
Transportation is key for life, making sure materials move for survival. In science class 10 life processes, students learn about systems like xylem and blood vessels. These systems help with respiration and transportation in organisms, like blood carrying oxygen to cells and taking away carbon dioxide.
- Xylem: Transports water and minerals from roots via transpiration pull and root pressure.
- Phloem: Moves sugars and amino acids through translocation, supported by companion cells.
Animal systems use circulatory networks:
- Blood plasma carries nutrients, waste, and hormones.
- Red blood cells bind oxygen using hemoglobin; white blood cells and platelets aid immunity and clottinging.
- Heart and blood vessels ensure circulation for systemic and pulmonary pathways.
| Aspect | Plant Systems | Animal Systems |
|---|---|---|
| Water & Minerals | Xylem vessels/tracheids | Blood plasma |
| Nutrients (sugars) | Phloem sieve tubes | Blood plasma and RBCs |
| Gases (O₂/CO₂) | Diffusion via stomata | Blood with hemoglobin in RBCs |
| Hormones | Chemical signals via phloem | Blood transports hormones from glands |
These systems help keep organisms stable, a key idea in science class 10 life processes.
The Human Circulatory System: Heart, Blood, and Vessels
The human circulatory system is key for life. It carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones and takes out waste. This system, covered in class 10 science chapter 6, includes the heart, blood, and vessels. Knowing this is vital for ncert class 10 science and cbse class 10 biology exams.
Our pump — the heart: The heart is a muscular organ with four chambers. It makes sure blood flows well. Its chambers are split into:
- Two atria: They get blood from the body and lungs.
- Two ventricles: They pump blood to the lungs and body. The right side deals with deoxygenated blood. The left side handles oxygenated blood. This double circulation helps spread oxygen better.
The tubes — blood vessels: Blood moves through three main types of vessels:
- Arteries: These are thick-walled vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart.
- Veins: Thin-walled vessels that return blood to the heart. They have valves to stop backflow.
- Capillaries: Thin-walled vessels where oxygen, nutrients, and waste are exchanged.
Blood components: Blood is a fluid tissue with:
- Red blood cells (RBCs) that carry hemoglobin, which binds oxygen.
- White blood cells (WBCs) that fight infections.
- Platelets that help form clots to seal injuries.
This system is essential for survival. Understanding it well is key for ncert class 10 science and cbse class 10 biology exams. Use diagrams and NCERT questions to improve your grasp of this critical process.
Blood Vessels: Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
Blood vessels are a vast network that’s key for moving things around in our bodies. They help oxygen and nutrients get to every cell. This is how they link respiration and transportation in organisms. The design of arteries, veins, and capillaries keeps our body balanced.
The Composition and Functions of Blood
Blood is a special liquid that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste. It has plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen, and platelets help stop bleeding.
- Arteries: These are thick-walled vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart. They have elastic layers to handle high pressure.
- Veins: These are thin-walled vessels with valves to return blood to the heart. They work under low pressure.
- Capillaries: These are tiny vessels with single-cell walls for gas exchange. Skeletal muscles have lots of capillaries for better nutrient delivery.
Platelets are important for keeping blood vessels strong. When a vessel breaks, platelets help form a clot. This keeps the flow of blood steady.
Blood vessels stretch for 100,000 km, making a network vital for life. Their design and function are key for oxygen delivery and waste removal. This keeps our body balanced and working right.
Lymphatic System and Its Role: Science Class 10 Life Processes
The lymphatic system is key for life in organisms. It manages fluids and helps fight infections. It includes vessels, nodes, and organs like the spleen and thymus.
Lymph, a clear fluid, collects waste from tissues. It then returns it to the bloodstream via the thoracic duct. This system is vital for health, keeping fluids balanced.
In plants, special tissues handle water and nutrients. Xylem carries water from roots to leaves. This is done through transpiration pull and root pressure.
Phloem, on the other hand, moves sugars. It uses active processes like the pressure-flow method. These systems help plants share resources efficiently, just like in animals.
- Lymphatic functions: Fluid balance, immune defense, fat absorption
- Plant transport: Xylem for water, phloem for sugars
Both systems show how life processes adapt for growth and survival. The lymphatic network protects animals. Plant vascular tissues distribute nutrients, essential for plant life.
Excretion: Removing Waste Products
Excretion is key to survival, getting rid of waste. In CBSE Class 10 Biology, we learn how it keeps us healthy. The human body has a system for this, with parts like kidneys and bladder.
The kidneys filter blood, making urine. They have tiny units called nephrons. Science class 10 life processes teach us how they work. It’s all about separating waste from what we need.
Key components of the excretory system:
- Kidneys: Filter blood, produce urine
- Ureters: Transport urine to bladder
- Urinary bladder: Stores urine temporarily
- Urethra: Excretes urine from the body
| Organ | Waste Product | Excretion Method |
|---|---|---|
| Kidneys | Urea, uric acid | Urine formation |
| Skin | Salt, water | Sweat secretion |
| Lungs | Carbon dioxide | Gas exchange |
Learning about excretion shows how we avoid toxins. For CBSE Class 10 Biology students, it’s all about the kidneys and urine. They also help with blood pressure and electrolytes. This connects what we learn to real life.
Excretion in Plants: Getting Rid of Waste Materials
Plants don’t have kidneys or lungs like animals do. But they have their own ways to get rid of waste. These methods are part of the class 10 science chapter 6 curriculum. They show how plants and animals deal with toxins.
Plants get rid of excess water and gases like carbon dioxide through transpiration. Stomata on leaves and lenticels on stems are the main exits. Old leaves and bark also shed waste, taking toxins with them.
- Transpiration: Evaporates water and CO₂ through stomata
- Leaf shedding: Removes aged tissues storing waste
- Vacuolar storage: Harmful substances stored in cell vacuoles
- Guttation: Excretes solutes via hydathodes in plants like tomatoes and grasses
- Resins/gums: Toxic compounds stored in xylem tissues
- Salt glands: In mangroves and halophytes, expelling excess salts
Comparative Excretory Mechanisms in Different Organisms
Plants also release oxygen during respiration. This oxygen diffuses through their cell walls. Different organisms have unique ways to get rid of waste. Amoebas release waste through their cell membranes, while earthworms use nephridia.
Plants store amino acids as crystals in leaves and release waste through their roots. These strategies show how plants adapt to their environment. In class 10 science chapter 6, we learn about these diverse mechanisms.
For example, guttation in colocasia plants releases droplets at leaf tips. Citrus trees store waste as raphides in vacuoles. Resins in pine trees and latex in rubber plants also show how plants manage waste. Understanding these processes helps us appreciate the survival adaptations covered in the curriculum.
Practical Applications and Experiments for CBSE Class 10 Students
Practical work in NCERT Class 10 Science makes Science Class 10 Life Processes real. These activities match Class 10 Science Chapter 6. They focus on respiration, excretion, and nutrition through hands-on learning.
- CO₂ Release Test: Germinating seeds in lime water turn it cloudy. This shows aerobic respiration makes CO₂.
- Starch Digestion Test: Iodine solution shows starch in food. This links to nutrition studies.
- Stomatal Observation: Microscope slides of leaf epidermis show stomata. This connects to transpiration and gas exchange.
- Alveoli Model: Use balloons and tubing to show gas exchange efficiency. This highlights respiratory system adaptations.
| Experiment | Objective | Key Learning |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Release Test | Observe CO₂ production | Aerobic respiration needs oxygen and makes waste. |
| Stomatal Observation | Analyze stomatal density | Stomata control transpiration and gas exchange. |
| Excretion System Quiz | Identify excretion organs | Kidneys are part of the excretory system (NCERT Pg 113). |
CBSE lab manuals and NCERT guides offer step-by-step instructions. Doing these experiments improves skills in observation, data recording, and analysis. These skills are key for exams. Students learn how life processes keep living things stable through these activities.
Common Disorders Related to Life Processes
Understanding life processes in plants and animals is key for CBSE Class 10 Biology students. Disorders that disrupt these processes can cause serious health problems. For example, the importance of life processes is evident when these systems fail.
Nutritional disorders like malnutrition (kwashiorkor, marasmus) harm growth and immunity. Issues like GERD or gallstones make it hard to absorb nutrients. Respiratory disorders such as asthma or COPD stop oxygen from getting in. In CBSE Class 10 Biology, we learn how these problems affect health.
Transportation disorders include anemia (low hemoglobin) which makes you tired. Hypertension damages blood vessels, and leukemia messes with blood cells. Excretory disorders like kidney stones or chronic kidney disease stop waste from being removed. In plants, chlorosis (nutrient deficiency) or root rot mess up photosynthesis and nutrient uptake.
Poisoning is a serious emergency. It can be caused by chemicals, medicines, or the environment. Treatment includes removing toxins (activated charcoal), antidotes (for opioids/cyanide), and dialysis. Supportive care helps with seizures or breathing problems.
Learning about these disorders shows the importance of life processes. Students need to understand how problems in one area can affect survival. This knowledge helps them in CBSE Class 10 Biology exams and real-life situations.
Conclusion: The Interconnection of Life Processes in Survival
The vital life processes are like a web that keeps us alive. Nutrition gives us energy and stuff we need. Respiration turns this into ATP, which powers our cells. Then, transportation systems like blood vessels or plant xylem spread these resources around.
Excretion, like our kidneys or plants getting rid of waste, keeps us clean. These life processes work together to keep our body’s balance. For instance, breathing helps move things around, and eating helps us grow.
Even when we’re not moving, our body keeps working. It breathes and circulates blood to keep us alive. This shows how important life processes are. They all rely on each other to keep us healthy.
CBSE students need to understand this connection. It helps them see how living things work together. This is key to learning about biology.
FAQ: Science Class 10 Life Processes
What are the vital life processes in living organisms?
Living organisms need nutrition, respiration, and transportation. They also need excretion, control, and coordination. Growth and reproduction are key too. These processes help keep life going and ensure survival.
How does nutrition differ between plants and animals?
Plants make their own food through photosynthesis. Animals get their food from other sources.
What role does the human digestive system play in life processes?
The human digestive system breaks down food. It turns food into nutrients that the body can use. This gives energy and materials for life.
How does respiration contribute to energy production?
Respiration turns food into energy. It uses food molecules to make ATP. ATP powers all body functions.
What are the major differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and makes a lot of energy. Anaerobic respiration doesn’t use oxygen and makes less energy.
What is the significance of photosynthesis for life on Earth?
Photosynthesis turns light into energy stored in glucose. It’s the base of food chains and makes oxygen for us.
How does the human circulatory system facilitate transportation?
The circulatory system moves blood around the body. It carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste. This keeps cells healthy and removes toxins.
What are the key functions of the excretory system in humans?
The excretory system gets rid of waste and toxins. It mainly uses the kidneys to make urine.
How do plants excrete waste without specialized organs?
Plants get rid of water through transpiration. They also store or change waste into less harmful stuff. They often shed old parts with waste.
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